Reye’s syndrome develops in children or young adults from unknown causes but appears to occur after the resolution of a recent viral illness. While there has been a link between the onset of Reye’s syndrome and the use of aspirin and similar drugs, there is not a definitive association. If diagnosed early, treatments will minimize long-term injury to the brain, liver and other organs. If misdiagnosed, the results can be devastating, even lethal.
Symptoms of Reye’s Syndrome
The onset of Reye’s syndrome can routinely lead to the following:
The appearance of unexpected, frequent vomiting after a viral illness such as the flu or chicken pox. It can also quickly lead to problems with the normal functioning of the brain. Some of the signs include:
- Stupor
- Lethargy
- Delirium
- Agitation
Commonly Misdiagnosed Causes
The best chance for recovery from Reye’s syndrome is an accurate, early diagnosis so that proper treatments can begin. Unfortunately, because of the similarity between their symptoms, Reye’s syndrome can be confused with numerous other disorders such as:
- Meningitis
- Encephalitis
- Drug Overdose
- Poisoning
- Head Trauma
The Link Between Reye’s Syndrome and Aspirin
While studies have not shown a direct causative link between the use of aspirin or aspirin-containing compounds and the development of Reye’s syndrome, epidemiological data indicates that 90% or more of children who develop Reye’s syndrome took aspirin or aspirin-containing compounds during a recently preceding viral illness.
What Does Reye’s Syndrome Do to the Body?
The major problem associated with the development of Reye’s syndrome is damage inflicted on the brain due to increased pressures inside the cranium. Management and reduction of these increased intracranial pressures is the key to good long-term outcomes. Beyond the brain, the development of Reye’s syndrome also can cause damage to the liver, the lungs and to many other organs. Without appropriate treatment, the liver tissue can become filled with fat globules and testing of the blood reveals dramatic changes in serum enzymes indicative of liver dysfunction.
Treating Reye’s Syndrome
While there is not a specific treatment regimen for Reye’s syndrome, the major point of focus is to protect the brain from pressure induced damage while managing the alterations in metabolic functions in the body. Rapid, appropriate treatment is the best prognostic indicator of recovery from this disorder. If misdiagnosed and ineffective treatments undertaken, death can occur within a few days.
Preventing Reye’s Syndrome
While there still is some measure of debate, many groups and governmental health agencies strongly recommend that aspirin and salicylate-containing compounds not be used to treat fever or other symptoms in anyone under the age of 18. As always, ask your family physician about appropriate treatments for any illness.
For more information on Reye’s Syndrome visit the website of the Reye’s Syndrome Foundation.
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